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无创正压机械通气治疗呼吸衰竭36例 被引量:3

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摘要 目的 探讨无创正压通气(NIPPV)治疗呼吸衰竭时的上机条件、呼吸机吸气压、呼气压(IPAP、EPAP)水平、给氧浓度(FiO2)、撤机方法及有效率。方法 36例呼吸衰竭住院者,除治疗基础病、合并症、伴随疾病外,对动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)〈60mmHg、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)在40~59mmHg者先给以鼻导管吸氧1~2h,若SpO2仍〈90%即行NIPPV治疗。对有意识障碍、PaCO2〉60mmHg、PaO2〈40mmHg者则立即行NIPPV治疗。69.4%(25/36)的患者IPAP选择10~18cm H2O可满足需要,83.3%(30/36)的患者EPAP在4~6CmH2O较合适。初始治疗FiO2为30%~50%者占80.6%(29/36),只有在急性呼吸衰竭、急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)和肺心病等导致重度缺氧和二氧化碳潴留时才选择在1~2h内应用高IPAP(19~30CmH2O)和高的FiO2(55%-80%)。撤机方法:急性呼吸衰竭者PaCO2正常、PaO2〉80mmHg、SpO2〉95%连续3d即可直接撤机。COPD、肺心病等慢性呼吸衰竭在PaCO2〈50mmHg、PaO2〉60mmHg时则调低压力改为仅夜间NIPPV一段时间后再撤机。结果 36例治疗后PaCO2为26.8~84mmHg,平均(45.8±3.9)mmHg,PaO2为42~132mmHg,平均(73.5±5.4)mmHg,17例PaCO2〈50mmHg、PaO2〉60mmHg,11例较前好转,有效率77.8%(28/36),有11例原有心功能不全也得到改善。8例死亡,死亡率22.2%。结论 NIPPV在治疗呼吸衰竭时应及早应用,除改善呼吸衰竭还能改善心功能不全。IPAP、EPAP、FiO2目前尚无标准化水平,COPD、肺心病者应由持续NIPPV改为夜NIPPV后再撤机。当间质性肺病(ILD)导致ARDS或呼吸衰竭并各种原因休克时抢救成功率小。
作者 李颖
出处 《临床和实验医学杂志》 2006年第7期920-921,共2页 Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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