北方寒地稻田养鱼对农田生态环境的影响初报

Preliminary Report of the Influence of the Rice Field Fish Culture to the Farmland Ecology Environment in North Cold Area

为了提高稻田养鱼生产的稳定性,科学指导寒地稻田养鱼推广工作,通过野外速测、室内分析与生产调查相结合的方法,研究稻田养鱼引入北方寒地稻田后农田生态环境发生的变化。结果表明,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷相对高于对照,土壤速效氮、钾有所增加。昼夜田水日平均温度比对照高出0.5℃。10cm、15cm耕层土温日平均值比对照田分别高出0.4℃和0.5℃,田水ORP略高于对照田,pH呈下降趋势,昼夜田水溶解氧比对照田高出0.33mg/L,且都大于5mg/L,有利鱼类生长。水稻生长加快,一般比对照田早抽穗2～3d,杂草减少,稻田生态环境趋向良好。

In order to enhance the stability of rice field fish cuhure and guide extension work of the rice field fish culture, we study the change of the farmland ecological environment after the rice field fish cuhure was introduced into north coldly rice paddy by using the methods of open field fast measure, indoor analysis and production investigation. The resuh indicated： soil organic matter, total nitrogen and phosphorus are higher than comparison respectively; soil fast-acting nitrogen and potassium have been increased. Compared to the comparison, daily average value of topsoil temperature in 10cm,15cm depth outdoes 0.4℃ and 0.5 ℃ separately, average water temperature is 0.5℃ above, ORP is higher slightly and PH assumes downtrend in the rice paddy water. The solution oxygen also outdoes 0.33 mg/L and over 5mg/ L, and is benefit for fish growth. Rice growth is faster and the tassel is earlier for 2-3 day than comparison field, and the weed get reduced, rice paddy ecological environment trends is getting better.