1Teeny SM,Wiss DA.Open reduction and internal fixation of tibial plafond fractures.Variables contributing to poor results and complications[J].Clin Orthop Relat Res,1993,(292):108-117.
2Sirkin M,Sanders R,DiPasquale T,et al.A staged protocol for soft tissue managementin the treatment of complex pilon fractures[J].J Orthop Trauma,1999,13(2):78-84.
5Lauge-Hansen N.Fractures of the ankle.I.Analytical historical survey as the basis of new experimental,roentgenologic and clinical investigations[J].Arch Surg,1948,56:259-317.
6Kellam JF,Waddell JP.Fracture of the distal tibial metaphysis with intra-articular extension:the distal tibial explosion fracture[J].J Trauma,1979,19(8):593-601.
7Oradia DN,Beals RK.Fratures of the tibial plafond[J].Bone Joint Surg Am,1986,68(4):543-551.
8Mast JW,Spiegel PG,Pappas JN.Fractures of the tibia pilon[J].Clin Orthop Relat Res,1998,(230):68-82.
9Ruedi TP,Allgower M.Fracture of the lower end of the tibia into the ankle joint[J].Injury,1969,1:.92-99.
10Ayemi JP.Pilon fractures of the tibia:a study based on 19 case[J].Injury,1988,19(2):109-114.
21.Ruedi TP , Allgower M. Fractures of the lower end of the tibia into the ankle joint . Injury，1973，5:130
32.Teeny SM , and Wiss DA . Open reduction and intemal fixation of tibial plafond fractures : Variables contributing to poorresults and complictions . Clin Orthop，1993，292:108
43.Barbieri R , Sshenk R, and Koval K ,et al. Hybrid external fixation in the treatment of tibial plafond fractures. Clin Orthop，1996，332:16
54.Wyrsch B.Mcferran MA,Mcandrew M, et al. Operative treatment of fractures of the tibil plafond. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1996，78:1646
66.Babis GC, Vayanos ED, Papaioamou NP,et al. Results of surgical treatment of tibial plafond fractures .Clin Orthop，1997，341:99
78.Ovadia DN, and Beals RK . Fractures of the tibial plafond . J Bone Joint Surg(Am),1986，68:543
89.Ruedi TP, Allgower M.The operative treatment of intra-articular fractures of the lower end of the tibia.Clin Orthop,1979;138:105
910.Boume RB,Rorbeck CH, and Macnab J. Intra-articular fractures of the distal tibia: the pilon fracture . J Trauma,1983，23:591
10[1]Ruedi TP,Allgower M.Fracture of the lower end of the tibia into the ankle joint[J].Injury,1969,1:92～99.
