外部因素和民族问题的激化与苏联解体新考——欧美学界的研究

Recent Studies on the Disintegration of the Soviet Union in light of the External Factors

从外部因素对苏联国内的民族问题演化分析苏联崩溃的原因,是欧美学界研究苏联解体的路径之一。学者们从苏东关系的演变、阿富汗战争的震荡、东西方关系的缓和、西方国家的和平演变,以及全球化背景下民族分离主义浪潮等角度,研究和考察了外部因素对苏联国内民族问题的影响,进而在促成苏联解体的过程中所发挥的重大作用。欧美学者的研究成果为国内学界探讨苏联解体从各种不同视角提供了借鉴。

The present article provides an introduction to and analysis of the major viewpoints of European and American scholars in approaching how the Soviet Union disintegrated in light of the external factors affecting the ethnic question.In general,most scholars believe the external factors,including the evolution of Soviet-East Europe relations,the Afghanistan war,the detente of the East and the West relation,the peaceful evolution pursued by powers,and ethnic separatist wave against the background of globalization formed the suitable international environment for the collapse of the Soviet Union..The article outlines the research done by European and American scholars on the relevance of the external factors to the disintegration of the Soviet Union.The research of European and American scholars is also beneficial for our study on the reasons of the Soviet Union's collapse.