魏晋南北朝“吏户”问题三献疑

Queries about the Issue of Lihu during Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

在论证魏晋南北朝时期“吏户”问题时,论者提出了一系列相关说法,例如一经为吏,便“世代为吏”,因而“吏户”具有“世袭性”;“吏户”必须解除“吏名”或“吏籍”才能获得解脱而上升成为“民户”(平民);“吏”经常遭受长官的鞭打、虐待,表明“吏”的身份十分卑贱;“吏户”的数量非常多,如东晋时仅“司徒吏”就有二十余万等等。这些说法并不符合客观历史实际,有的是曲解史料。由此可见用“吏户”论的观点是难以解释魏晋南北朝时期的相关文献记载的,它几乎与这个时期的相关史料相互矛盾,无法自圆其说。原因就在于“吏户”论并非客观存在的历史实际的真实反映。

There are a series of view about the issue of Lihu（吏户）in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, which are as follows： Lihu is hereditary; only after getting rid of ＂Liming＂（ 吏名）or ＂Liji＂ （吏籍）could Lihu became civilians; Li（吏）who is lashed and ill- treated frequently by the officials has humble status; The number of the ＂Lihu＂is very large, there are 200,000 Situli（司徒吏）in Eastern Jin Dynasty, etc. In my point of view, all of these viewpoints don＇ t accord with historical facts, some of which distorted historical materials, they are contradict with the historical records of this period.