单站短弧段人造卫星轨道预测

Satellite orbit forecast in short arch with single sit

在人造卫星观测中,经常由于云团遮蔽、经过亮星或日月、软硬件故障等各种原因导致短时间内无法提取目标图像而使控制系统无法继续保持对目标的高精度跟踪。使用对人造卫星轨道的高精度实时预测轨迹来引导控制系统进行跟踪,则可以在短暂丢失目标的情况下,继续保持对目标的高精度跟踪,从而可以较好地解决这一问题。本文使用了天文方法建立了人造卫星运动的数学模型,给出了一种只使用单站短弧段测角数据对人造卫星轨道进行高精度预测的算法。使用实测数据进行仿真实验表明,该算法能够在单站短弧段条件下对人造卫星轨道进行高精度的短弧段预测。

Control system of a satellite observer sometimes can not keep tracing in high precision because of absence of target in image processing of short time which might be caused by cloud, other objects such as sun and moon. Using a real-time forecasted track of high precision for guiding can solve the problem, i.e., control system will keep tracing in high precision while missing target in short time. Dynamic model of satellite is built up with astronomic method, and a short-arch forecast arithmetic of satellite orbit in short arch with single site is given, which is of high precision when only angle data is available. Emulation with data from observer shows that this arithmetic works well.