影响松果梢斑螟寄主选择的植物挥发物成分研究

Study on Host-Plant Volatiles Affecting the Host Selection of Dioryctria pryeri

在松果梢斑螟幼虫转移危害期和成虫产卵选择期,采用XAD2的吸附法和二氯甲烷提取法以及GC-MS分析,研究了虫害诱导后油松和华山松球果或针叶挥发性萜类成分。结果表明:幼虫转移危害期,油松球果虫害后的特异性组分为α-蒎烯、β-非兰烯、β-蒎烯、β-香叶烯、D-柠檬烯、异松油烯、乙酸天竺葵酯,以及大香叶烯-D和石竹烯等9种;球果受害后,倍半萜含量显著下降;但非寄主华山松健康球果和虫害果挥发性萜类主要组分有8种,其组成和含量与油松球果显著不同。成虫产卵选择期,油松健康果和虫害果挥发性萜类成分和含量有很大差异,其中特异性组分是α-蒎烯、β-非兰烯/4-侧柏烯、β-香叶烯、D-柠檬烯,以及未知成分、石竹烯和α-石竹烯等8种;与健康果和虫害果相比,针叶挥发性萜类的特异成分为α-蒎烯、乙酸龙脑酯、莰烯、β-蒎烯、对-薄荷-1(7),3-二烯,以及未知成分、石竹烯和α-石竹烯等8种。幼虫选择和趋向试验表明:幼虫明显趋向和选择油松球果而不选择华山松球果;在油松球果及其提取液试验中,幼虫明显趋向和选择虫害球果。

GC-MS analysis was used to determine the composition and concentration of the terpene volatiles by means of XAD2- absorption or CH2Cl2-extracts from uninfested and infested cones, and 1 year old needle of Pinus tabulaeformis and P. armand/ during the oviposition period of female adult and the transferring-damage period of the overwinter larvae of Dioryctria pryeri. The results showed that the cone infested （by Gravitarmata margarotana larvae） of P. tabulaeformis contain 9 special terpene volatile compositions, α-pinene, β-phellandrene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, D-limonene, β-mentha-1,4（8）-diene, geraniol ester acetic acid, germacrene D and caryophyllene. After the cone was damaged, the content of the sesquiterpene constituents significantly decreases. However, there are 8 major volatile terpenes in the uninfested or infested cones of P. armandi, nohost tree species, during the period, the compositions and contents of both cones are obviously different to Chinese Pine. During the oviposition period, the compositions and contents of the uninfested and infested cones （by G. margarotana or D. pryeri larvae） of Chinese Pine have great difference, the special terpene compositions of the infested cone are α-pinene, β-phellandrene/4- thujene, β-myrcene, D-limonene, unidentified constituent, caryophyllene and α-caryophyllene. In the 1 year old needle, there are 8 special volatile terpenes, α-pinene, bornyl acetate, camphene, β-pinene, p-mentha-1 （7）, 3-diene, unidentified constituent, caryophyllene and α-caryophyllene, comparing with the uninfested and infested cones. The results of selection and preference of the larvae showed that the larvae of D. pryeri obviously trend and select P. tabulaeformis cone to P. armandi cone, and in selection experiments of uninfested and infested cones, and their extract with CH2Cl2 of P. tabulaeformis, the larvae obviously trend and select G. margarotana-infested cone and its extract.