小学生数学能力发展水平影响因素分析

Analysis of Influential Factors to Development in Mathematical Competencies of Pupils

目的探讨影响小学生数学能力发展的因素,为提高学生学习能力提供理论依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样,在中国大陆31个省、自治区、直辖市的12个样本点开展横断面调查,共获得12 179份有效测试卷。数学能力的影响因素采用Logistic多元回归分析。结果促进数学能力发展的因素按其程度强弱依次为:家庭氛围民主,家庭氛围严格,父母对孩子学业较高的满意度,父母注重良好学习习惯、动机与思维的培养,好的班级环境,较好的学业成就;阻碍数学能力发展的因素按其贡献大小依次为:学习负担过重,参加活动过多,性别为女生,每天看电视的时间过多,父母过分关注学习成绩及家庭问题。结论父母、教师应该尽量为孩子提供一个良好的能力发展空间。

Objective To explore the factors to pupils＇ mathematical competencies, and to provide evidence for improving their learning ability. Methods A multi-stratified-cluster sampling method was used to select 12 sampled areas from 31 provinces （autonomous regions or municipalities） of China. In the sampled points, 12 179 pupils were recruited, then a cross-sectional study was conducted anlong them. A logistic multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the influential factors on mathematical compotencies. Results Based on logistic regression analysis, 6 related factors promoting development of mathematical abilities were identified as follows （ranked by contribution）： democratic or strict family atmosphere, more satisfaction of parents on children＇s schoolwork, parents paying more attention to forming sound learning customs, motivation and thinking, finer class environment and better achievement in schoolwork. The factors hampering development were also distinguished as follows （ranked by contribution）： over-weight learning burden, more activities, female student, watching TV overmuch and paying more attention to achievement. Conclusion Teachers and parents should try their best to creat a good circumstance for their children development.