厦门海岸带湿地变化的研究

Analysis of Coastal Wetland Changes in Xiamen

通过“压力—状态—响应”分析模型,对厦门海岸带湿地变化的主要原因(压力)、成分退化和结构改变(状态)以及对厦门海岸带生态系统的主要影响(响应力)之间的作用机制进行了探讨。提出厦门海岸带湿地面临的主要压力来自海岸带围垦造地、近海滩涂养殖和九龙江河口输入;状态变化突出表现在浅海海域面积的减少,红树林的面积减少,近岸泥沙淤积,沉积物类型改变和沉积物污染;主要影响是造成厦门海域水质下降、近海底栖生物类型改变、航道泥沙淤积、水产养殖产量下降和珍稀海洋物种分布和数量改变。

Based on the extensive aperiodic data collected from field work and researches related to coastal wetlands in Xiamen, China, an analysis model of ‘Pressures-States-Responses （PSR）＇ was developed in order to study the stresses on the state changes of coastal wetlands, and ecological impacts on the coastal ecosystem in Xiamen. From the results of the analysis of mechanism of the PSR model, we have identified the pressures, slates and responses about the coastal wetland changes. The three main anthropogenic pressures are coastal land reclamation, coastal aquaculture and input from the Jiulong River through the estuary. The significant changes of state are the decreasing shallow sea area, shrinking mangrove area, increasing siltation on shores, changing sediment type and increasing sediment pollution. The ecosystem responses （impacts） are the deterioration of sea water quality, change of benthic community in offing marine, siltation in navigation channels, reduction of wetland aquaculture and the change of the population and distribution of rare ocean animals in Xiamen. Then, we used the PSR model to make a synoptic analysis of the mechanisms among pressures, states and response. Finally, we applied.the analysis to Xiamen coastal wetland changes as a case study in which a clear rehtionship between pressures, states and response of the Xiamen coastal wetland changes was found.