美国与墨西哥禁毒合作中的不对称性——以“百草枯喷洒项目”为中心(1971-1981)

Asymmetry in the Anti-Drug Cooperation Between USA and Mexico ——Centering on the "Paraquat-Spraying Program", 1971-1981

20世纪60年代初期,美国国内大麻问题日趋恶化,寻求解决大麻问题的良策成为美国政府的主要议题之一。美国政府放弃极端年代的极端管制政策,开始把大麻问题的解决诉诸双边和多边的国际合作,试图通过次区域、区域和全球的协同合作来缓解国内的大麻问题。历史地考察美国与墨西哥围绕“百草枯喷洒项目”出现的合作与冲突,可以发现,美墨之间的合作更多地体现出一种互动影响和制约关系的“不对称性”。美国政府与社会的认知、美国政府内行为体间相互的博弈与妥协、美国国内政策的调整等“三个变量”主导了美墨间禁毒的相互依存结构,继而成为两国间合作存续的必要条件,导致了合作关系的脆弱,也令美墨间的禁毒合作关系难以摆脱帝国霸权的阴影。

In the early 1960s, marijuana problems became tougher, hence one of headaches in America. The government strenuously sought bilateral or multilateral international cooperation of subregional, regional or even global level for possible solutions. In a historical perspective of the cooperation and conflict caused by the US-Mexico Paraquat-Spraying Program, it may be found that the cooperation presents itself more as an ＂asymmetry＂ in the mutual relations and interactions. ＂Three variables＂, i.e. American governmental and social cognition, inter-agents＇negotiation and compromise in the Administration and America＇s domestic policy adjustments, turned to be leading factors in the interdependence structure of the US-Mexico anti-drug actions, and they became a prerequisite condition of this international cooperation. Because of this asymmetry, mutual cooperation became fragile and was doomed to be cast into the shadow of imperialist hegemony.