制度下的赋学视域——论赋体文学古今演变的一条线索

Fu Poetry in Perspective of Social Institutions ——A Clue to the Evolution of Fu Poetry

文学与制度的关系,学界已有关注,以宫廷文学为主体的辞赋文学创作与制度的关系,则尤为深密。就渊源而论,“赋”的源起就与先秦时期的“赋诗”制度相关,而由“赋诗”之“赋”到“赋体”之“赋”,又孕生于宫廷文学制度的形成。就嬗变而论,从汉代的礼乐制度与献赋、唐宋科举制度与考赋、清代的翰林清选与考、献赋,迨至现当代辞赋创作及研究的冷落与复兴,无不维系于制度的变迁。就赋体而论,从汉代文学侍从待诏献赋的散体巨制,到唐宋举子考赋的律体小篇,再到清代馆阁体赋及当代的语体赋,充分体现了古今制度变迁下的赋学命运。

The academic community has been attracted to the relation between literature and social institution. The relation between court literature, centering on Ci-Fu poetry, and social institution is particularly profound. When viewed from the origin, Fu poetry can be related to the Fu-Shi poetry of pre-Qin period. From Fu of Fu-Shi poetry to Fu of Fu-style poetry, the court literary institution came into being. When viewed from the development, the following, to the changes of social institutions from the Li-Yue institutions and the imperial examination systems of Tang and Song with no exception, is all tied up Fu poetry contribution practice, Dynasties and the competition of Fu poem-composing, the member selection of the imperial, academy of Qing Dynasty and the contribution and competition of Fu poem-writing to the decline and rebirth of the writing and study of contemporary Ci-Fu poetry. When viewed from the genre, the vicissitudes of Fu poetry from ancient to modern times are fully exposed in the grand prose of imperial literary attendants of Han Dynasty, in the minor piece of rhymed Fu poetry of Tang and Song Dynasties, in the Guan＇ge Fu poetry of Qing Dynasty and in Fu poetry of contemporary vernacular.