精神生态视野中的20世纪中国文学

20th century Chinese literature in the view of spiritual ecology

从精神生态视角关注20世纪中国文学,属于精神史研究的范畴。从隐喻的意义层面,肺结核、疯癫、阳痿分别构成了20世纪不同历史阶段中国社会精神生态的典型病相,通过这些典型病相研究,可以发现20世纪中国社会精神生态的某些特征和侧面:肺结核病在文学作品中的大量出现和写实性病相描写,赋予这种病症一种更为深刻的社会文化思想的本质性内涵,隐现了20世纪上半叶中国社会压抑、黑暗、寒冷的社会精神状态;疯癫是一种精神畸变和异质,20世纪中国文学中的“疯颠”,主要有两类:被现存文化秩序“命名”的疯癫和自我“命名”的疯癫即“佯狂”。疯癫作为一种精神畸变,隐喻了20世纪上半叶中国社会封建文化的非人道本质和20世纪中国启蒙思想的悲剧性历史境遇;性与政治在20世纪中国文学中呈现为复杂的逆向关系,大量“阳痿”形象的出现,在20世纪下半叶极“左”时期专制主义文化中,成为特定历史语境中“乌托邦”政治的同构语。肺结核、疯癫、阳痿,作为“身体政治”,共同建构了20世纪中国社会思想文化的价值走向,以及20世纪中国知识分子精神生态的某种历史真相。

The spiritual ecological study of the 20th century Chinese Literature belongs to the category of the spiritual history research. In terms of metaphor, phthisis, insaneness and impotence respectively typify the diseases of the spiritual ecology in the 20th century. Through the study of these typical diseases, we can reveal some features of the spiritual ecology in the bast century. The large number of realistic descriptions of phthisis in the literary works endows the disease with a profound social-cultural connotation, reflecting the spiritual status of suppression, darkness and coldness of the first half of the 20th century. Insaneness is the spiritual aberrance. In Chinese Literature of the 20th century, it can be divided into two types： the insaneness named by the society and feign madness named by the patients themselves. Insaneness as a kind of spiritual aberrance reveals the inhuman nature of the Chinese feudal culture in first half of the 20th century and the tragic situation of the Chinese enlightenment in the 20th century. Sex and politics form a converse relation in the 20th century Chinese literature. The appearance of a large number of characters in the autarchy culture in the latter half of the 20th century has formed the political utopia metaphor of the particular historical context. The three diseases, Phthisis, insaneness and impotence, reveal a kind of historical truth of Chinese intellectuals＇ spiritual ecology in the 20th century.