佛教“苦谛”与杜荀鹤诗的身世之叹

Sigh in Du Xun he's Poem and Theory of "Thinking about Misery" in Buddhism

晚唐山林隐逸诗人中多叹老嗟卑之作,在杜荀鹤诗集中,更是充满了感伤身世的凄凉戚苦之声。究其原因,一方面是饱经坎坷、屡受摧挫的人生体验使他不得不信解佛理禅意,尤其是对佛教“苦谛”深有体会;另一方面也因为与佛门有较深渊源,所以对世事人生有比一般人更深的感悟和更多的感叹。这种身世诸苦的诗篇,反映了封建社会部分文人的心灵归宿与精神结局。

There were a lot of literatures on ＂sighing for old age and low status＂ made by the poetshiding in moutains among the late Tang Dynasty, even more in the poems of Du Xunhe＇s, about the distress for all his life. This fact was for two reasons：first, the hardship and failures his full life made him understand and believe in Buddhism, even think deeply in the theory of ＂thinking about misery＂ ; second, his life which was connected tightly with Buddhism made him think more and deeply about life and world and sigh painfully. This article assays his poems on the topic of ＂bitter life＂ on both microscopic and macroscopic stances specificly according and incorporates it with the times and the author＇s life.