论中国红十字会的起源

Origin of Red Cross Society of China

上海万国红十字会“历来被认为是中国红十字会之始”,但实际上,它直接脱胎于东三省红十字普济善会。庚子事变时期出现的救济善会、济急善局是带有红十字色彩的救护组织,它们是一种分工合作的关系。通过考察可以发现:济急善局、东三省红十字普济善会、上海万国红十字会在组织结构上具有传承性,而救济善会不具此特点,因此,中国红十字会的起源可由东三省红十字普济善会再前推到济急善局。追溯中国红十字会的起源,可以印证一种“嫁接”理论:红十字会虽系“舶来品”,但中国红十字会却是中国本土的慈善组织“嫁接”红十字会逐渐成长的结果。

Shanghai Wanguo Red Cross Society is always considered as ＂the origin of Red Cross Society of China＂. However, it derived directly from Red Cross Charity of Three Provinces in northeast China as a fact. Organizations like Jiuji Charity and Jiji Charity that were established during the Boxer Uprising were two aid organizations relating to Red Cross. Providing aid, they contributed more to refugees individually and cooperatively. A study of the organizational structures of those four organizations, it can be found that Jiji Charity, Red Cross Charity of Three Provinces in northeast China and Shanghai Wanguo Red Cross Society kept continuity in development, while Jiji Charity did not share the same characteristics. Thus, Red Cross Society of China may originate in Jiji Charity prior to Red Cross Charity of Three Provinces in northeast China. The study of ascending the origin of Red Cross Society of China can provide evidence for the ＂Graft Theory＂ that Red Cross Society was totally an introduced new thing, while Red Cross Society of China was the newborn baby of attaching Red Cross Society as a ＂graft＂ of Chinese native philanthropic organizations.