汉兴百年与司马迁对当代史的研究

The Century Prosperity of the Han Dynasty and Sima Qian's Study of the Current History

在历史研究中,司马迁把“稽其成败兴坏之理”与汉兴百年的历史变迁结合起来,让史学承担哲学的责任。以李陵之祸为人生转折点,司马迁对现实政治有了新的认识,从而在深刻反省汉兴百年的历史中看到盛世下的危机。司马迁研究历史的方法是循环论。在继承前人文化成果的基础上,司马迁抓住“历史循环”的大势,将社会变化的法则与“原始察终,见盛观衰”结合起来,从而形成了他独特的历史哲学观。

In his historical studies, Sima Qin combined ＂investigation into the causes of rise and fall＂ with the historical evolution of the century prosperity of the Han Dynasty, thus adding a philosophic function to the science of history. Sima followed a circulatory methodology in his historical studies. According to cultural achievements of the former generations, Sima grasped the general trend of ＂historical circulation＂, combining laws of social changes with ＂anticipating the end from the beginning and the decline from the prosperity＂, and formed his individual view of historical philosophy.