哮喘豚鼠模型痉挛气道的解痉挛规律

Changes of spasmolysant airways in different phases in asthmatic guinea pigs

目的:研究哮喘豚鼠动物模型痉挛气道的解痉挛规律,病理组织学上验证大、小气道解痉挛规律。方法:实验豚鼠分为正常组、对照组和治疗组。正常组仅吸入蒸馏水后处死。对照组雾化吸入乙酰胆碱建立哮喘豚鼠模型后吸入蒸馏水,治疗组建立哮喘豚鼠模型后吸入沙丁胺醇解除气道痉挛。并在0、15和30 min及1 h各时间点分别处死对照组和治疗组实验动物,固定肺组织后常规石蜡包埋、HE染色,获取大、小气道的连续切片。观察大、小气道的病理改变,测量大、小气道管径变化。结果:正常组豚鼠的大、小气道管径分别为(2.41±0.50)和(0.55±0.20)mm,对照组大、小气道管径分别为(1.78±0.41)和(0.41±0.10)mm,两组豚鼠大、小气道管径比较差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。但对照组大、小气道管径收缩的比例未见明显差别;治疗组豚鼠雾化吸入沙丁胺醇后,在15 min时大气道即明显扩张达到(1.99±0.55)mm,并持续扩张到1 h,达(2.25±0.80)mm(P<0.05);而小气道在15及30 min时均未见明显扩张,至1 h时明显扩张达到(0.50±0.14)mm(P<0.05)。结论:哮喘豚鼠大、小气道的解痉时相不同,大气道先解痉,而小气道解痉延迟。

Objective To explore the linearic regularity of airways＇ spasm and spasmolysis in hyperreactive guinea pigs. Methods Asthmatic guinea pig models were established with acetylcholine （Ach）. Then the animals inhaled salbutamol. At 0, 15, 30 min and 1 h after inhalation of salbutamol, the animals were sacrificed, and the small and large airways were fixed with formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin wax to acquire the consecutive slides. The pathologic changes of both the large and small airways were observed and the caliber changes of the airways were determined. Results The diameters of small and large airways of the control guinea pig models （0. 41±0. 10 and 1. 78±0. 41 mm, respectively） were significantly short than that in normal （0. 55±0. 20 and 2.41±0. 50 mm, respectively） （P〈0. 05）. Ach aerosol aspiration contracted the small and large airways similarly. After given salbutamol, the large airways began to contract at 15 min （1. 99±0. 55 mm） and lasted till 1 h （2. 25±0. 80 mm） （P〈0. 05）. However, no small airways dilated at 15 min or 30 min and began to dilate until 1 h （0. 50±0. 14 mm） （P〈0. 05）. Conclusion In asthmatic guinea pigs, the changes of spasmolysant in large airways and small airways are different, the large airways dilate first and small airways dilate later.