西藏安多县当代人地关系的形成及原因分析

Analysis on the Formation and the Cause of the Present Man-Land Relationship in Amdo, Tibet

通过对西藏安多县1980～1998年统计资料的研究及实地考察,讨论了安多县人口及土地利用等方面的动态变化,分析了西藏安多县人地关系的形成过程。文章认为人口尤其是农牧业人口及牲畜数量的急剧增长、草场严重超载、可利用草地面积不断减少、人地关系极度失调,是安多县当代人地关系的主要特征；气候恶劣、自然生产潜力低下、生态环境脆弱是形成安多县人地关系的自然背景；人为因素、土地制度的变化是主导因素,草地退化和土地沙化的影响也不容忽视。安多县应依托青藏铁路的修建,合理开发矿产资源,大力发展旅游业,走可持续发展之路。

Based on the study of statistical data about 1980 -1998 in Amdo, Tibet and on-the-spot investigation, this paper focuses on dynamic change of population and land utilization, and analyses its establishment of the man-land relationship. It is the present leading feature that is the growth of the livestock population and the livestock, grassland＇ s excess load, the persistent reduce of useful grassland area, the extremely detuning of the manland relationship. The formidable climatic condition, the low natural potential crop and the fragile ecological environment are natural background. Then human is the key factor. Grassland degeneration and land desertiflcation are also important to its formation. Amdo should depend on the Qinghai-Tibet railway, and develop its tourist trade mainly, exploit mineral resources conservatively. And Amdo should stick on the sustainable development.