五味子与远志醇提取物的急性毒性和益智药效研究

Study on Acute Toxicity and Learning-memory Improvement of Schisandra Chinensis and Polygalatenuifolia Extracts

目的研究五味子和远志益智的有效成分。方法制备五味子及远志的乙醇提取物,测定五味子及远志醇提物的急性毒性;应用三等分辐射式明暗辨别模型,观察五味子及远志醇提物对小鼠学习记忆的影响。结果①五味子醇提物对小鼠的最大耐受量为58.88 g/kg(以生药量计),为人体最大用药量的490倍;远志醇提物的半数致死量为14.26 g/kg(以生药量计)。②五味子和远志醇提物均能显著提高小鼠的正确反应率(P<0.05或P<0.01),降低小鼠达学会标准所需的训练次数(P<0.05)。结论五味子及远志促进学习记忆的有效成分主要集中在醇提物中,该醇提物药效显著,安全无毒。这为进一步分离纯化五味子及远志改善学习记忆乃至治疗老年痴呆的有效化学成分奠定研究基础。

Objective To elucidate the effective chemical components of Schisandra chinensis and Polygalatenuifolia on improving learning and memory. Methods We prepared the ethanol extracts of Schisandra chinensis and Polygalatenuifolia and tested for their maximal tolerance dose （MTD） and 50% lethal dose （LD50）. Furthermore, we tested the number of correct response and the trails in mice that have been administered with Schisandra chinensis and Polygalatenuifolia ethanol extracts by using the radial arm maze respectively. Results MTD of Schisandra chinensis was 58.88g/kg, which was as 490 times than the maximal dose used in humans. LD50 of Polygalatenuifolia was 14.26g/kg. All mice which have been administered with Schisandra chinensis and Polygalatenuifolia ethanol extracts improved significantly the number of correct response and diminished the trails（ P〈 0.05 or P〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions These results suggest that toxicity of Schisandra chinensis and Polygalatenuifolia ethanol extracts are low and could think to be innocuous, and the effective components of Schisandra chinensis and Polygalatenuifolia on improving learning and memory might be concentrated in their ethanol extracts.