小儿先天性心脏病伴气管狭窄的影像学诊断

Imaging diagnosis of congenital heart diseases with trachea stenosis in children

目的探讨小儿先天性心脏病(先心病)伴气管狭窄的发病情况、病理分型、诊断技术与影像学表现。方法25例先天性心脏病伴气管狭窄的患儿进行影像学检查。本组所有患儿均摄片检查,21例患儿行胸部螺旋CT气管三维重建,5例患儿行气管造影,以明确气管狭窄的部位及程度。结果全部先天性心脏病患儿均伴有不同程度的气管狭窄,其中伴发右上气管性支气管5例。结论小儿先天性心脏病伴气管狭窄应引起临床重视,及早明确诊断,指导治疗及预后。目前胸部螺旋CT气管三维重建是明确气管狭窄的部位及程度的最佳无创性手段。

Objective To explore the clinical presentations, pathology, diagnostic technology and imaging findings of congenital heart disease with tracheal stenosis. Methods To confirm the site and the degree of tracheal stenosis, X-ray plain films were achieved from 25 patients; 21 cases underwent CT and 3D reconstruction of trachea; 5 were examined by bronchogram. Results All the patients were diagnosed as tracheal stenosis with different degrees, among which 5 cases were confirmed as right upper tracheal bronchus. Conclusion Clinician and radiologist should pay attention to the diagnosis of tracheal stenosis, make diagnosis as early as possible, and aid clinician to get optimal therapy protocol. CT and 3D reconstruction of the trachea is the best nontraumatical way to define the stenosis of trachea.