试析十三世达赖喇嘛新政改革的措施及其成效

Elementary Analysis of the Measures and Effects of the 13th Dalai Lama's Reforms for a New Political System

十三世达赖喇嘛在十九世纪与二十世纪之交的两度逃亡中,对外部社会在政治制度、经济建设、科学文化等方面的成就获得了切身的体验,并深切意识到对西藏现行的政教制度进行一番改革以求新图强的迫切性。在这一认识基础上,十三世达赖喇嘛在回到西藏后采取一系列措施,对西藏传统的政教制度进行了一次较为全面的革新。尽管由于新政推行者本身的局限性和西藏社会的传统惰性等各种原因,使这一旨在求强图变的新政改革运动终究没能在西藏社会全面展开而中途夭折,但毕竟还是取得了一定的成绩,使得西藏社会开始出现一些顺应时代发展的新鲜事物和发展动向。

At the turn of the 19th to 20th century, the 13^th Dalai Lama had to be a fugitive twice. During his exile life, he noticed that how great achievements other countries had made in fields as political system, economic development, science,＇ culture, and so on. And he also realized too well then that it was urgent to reform the Tibetan political system of that time so as to make the nation modem and powerful. Thus, after the 13th Dalai Lama coming back to Tibet, on the basis of his understanding, he toke a series of measures to reform the Tibetan traditional political system completely. However, the reform had to be given up halfway because of the weakness of the new system executors, Tibetan society＇s traditional inertia and some other reasons. But the reform still made certain achievements after all, as it caused The Tibetan society to start going with the times and following the orientation of development.