制度变迁与教育不平等的产生机制——中国城市子女的教育获得(1966—2003)

Institutional Change and Educational Inequality: Mechanisms in Educational Stratification in Urban China(1966—2003)

本文尝试提出一个代际教育不平等传递的理论分析框架,强调教育不平等产生机制、具体制度设计和社会状况背景三者间的联系。研究发现,恢复高考后,家庭教育背景成为改革初期教育不平等的主要原因;1992年以后社会分化加剧,教育体制受市场化的冲击,家庭阶层背景的效用显现,教育不平等的产生机制转变为资源转化与文化再生产双重模式并存。其中特别值得注意的是,管理阶层的资源优势正逐步转化成其下一代的教育机会。如果这一进程得以顺利延续和扩展,那么社会分层结构很可能将因此而日益趋向固定化。

This article examines how educational inequality and social reproduction mechanisms evolved in the process of institutional change from 1966 to 2003 in urban China. To guide this empirical study, the author develops a conceptual model that emphasizes the connection between the role of family backgrounds and institutional context. The 2003 China General Social Survey shows significant and varying effects of father's education and occupational status on his children's educational achievement. The post—1992 pattern of educational attainment is characterized by the significant rise of opportunities for the children of managerial elites, enhancing and strengthening social reproduction in the evolving mobility regime.