关于“十七年”文学研究的历史反思——以赵树理小说为例

A Historical Reflection upon Studies of Literature in the“Seventeen Years”: the Case of Zhao Shuli

以西方启蒙话语为标志的文学史观念,基本否定了“十七年”文学,赵树理小说是其中典型的例子。这种元叙述并非始于八十年代,在20世纪三四十年代革命文学内部就表现出知识等级化倾向。赵树理坚持传统的文艺形式,以顽强的艺术个性开拓了传播五四新文化的文学途径。从抗日战争到社会主义革命时期,他的小说既表现为主体的实践活动,同时也在时代与社会的总体结构中被结构化地建立起来,由此突显出文学在现代化过程中的边缘性体验及其特点。重新阐释大众化时代所产生的这种文学形态,解释它对接受的传统定位,以及在尊重本土接受基础上多元的艺术取向,对认识当今大众文化市场是有一定的历史价值的。

In literary history that follows Western Enlightenment discourse, literary works created during the seventeen years after the foundation of the People's Republic are generally rejected. Zhao Shuli is a case in point. However, the 1980s was not the time when such meta-narrative first appeared. As early as the 1930s—1940s, a knowledge hierarchy tended to appear in revolutionary literature. Zhao Shuli stuck to tradition and worked out a new channel for transmission of May Fourth new culture with his unique artistic style. From the Anti-Japanese War to the period of socialist construction, his writing was an individuated practice which at the same time was structured in the total structure of the society and the times. Literature was thus highlighted as a marginalized experience in the process of modernization. It is!helpful from a historical perspective to our understanding of today's mass popular culture to re-interpret a literary form produced at a time of popularization, to understand the traditional orientation of its reception, and to allow a diversity of artistic strategies on the basis of respecting the indigenous reception.