小型蛋鸡及其杂交种蛋高海拔孵化性能研究

Hatchability of Miniature Laying Chicken and Its Hybrids at High Altitude

【目的】观察小型蛋鸡及其与藏鸡杂交种蛋在西藏不同海拔地区的孵化性能,分析高海拔胚胎死亡率、种蛋失水率和孵化率。【方法】在海拔2900m(西藏林芝)和3650m(西藏拉萨)分别对小型蛋鸡(M)、西藏饲养的小型蛋鸡(MT)、藏鸡×小型蛋鸡(TM)和藏鸡(T)种蛋进行孵化。【结果】在2900m海拔时M孵化率可达49.44%;MT蛋孵化失水率比M未减少,但孵化率略有提高;TM孵化率高达74.69%;在3650m海拔,各组胚胎死亡率增加、孵化率下降、雏鸡重/蛋重比值减小;T孵化率也只有30.70%,M孵化率更低,只有10%左右。【结论】小型蛋鸡在高海拔孵化时,种蛋失水率高,孵化率低,但藏鸡与小型蛋鸡杂交种蛋孵化性能表现明显的杂种优势。

[Objective] The hatchalbility of Miniature Layers and hybrids was investigated and the differences of embryonic, mortality, the ratio of egg water loss, and hatchability at different altitudes were analyzed. [Method] Eggs from four groups of chickens, Miniature Layers （M）, Miniature Layers fed in Tibet （MT）, Tibetan x Miniature Layers （TM）, and Tibetan （T）, were incubated at 2 900 m an altitude of 2 900 m （Linzhi, Tibet） and an altitude of 3650 m （Lhasa, Tibet）, and their embryonic mortality, water loss and hatchability were measured. [Result] The hatchability of M and TM at an altitude of 2 900 m was 49.44% and 74.69%, respectively. Although it was fed in high altitude environment, MT did not decrease in water loss, and increased a little in hatchability, as compared with M. At 3 650 m an altitude of 3 650 m the embryonic mortalities of all groups increased, and the hatchabilities and ratios of hatch weight to egg weight decreased; and the hatchability of T was 30.70% while that of M was about 10%. [Conclusion] The results indicated that the water loss was high, and the hatchability of Miniature Layer was low at high altitude, but the heterosis of hatchability of crosbred of T × M was significant.