韩国经济发展中的对外贸易

Foreign Trade in Korea Economic Development

韩国从20世纪60年代试图开始实质性的经济开发,到2004年为止与230多个国家和地区进行贸易。2004年,其GDP是6801亿美元,为世界第10位,人均收入14162美元,交易额4783亿美元,为世界第12位。2004年外币储备额是1991亿美元,居世界第4位。韩国以韩国式经济开发,即实行市场亲和式政府干预的经济政策,通过出口为主导的经济开发实现了经济的快速增长。正高速增长的中国亦以中国式社会主义,以中国式改革开放追求出口和贸易的共同增长。中国和韩国都持续着经济的高速发展,被公认为是以出口和贸易为主的经济开发模式的典范。韩国进口能源、原材料和资本品,出口工业制成品。中国的贸易由外资企业为主进口半成品和资本品,出口工业制成品。而中国贸易在经济发展中所发挥的影响与韩国相比还小。为了持续增长,韩国需要以技术和经营革新提高国际竞争力,尤其要改善以资本品进口为主的贸易结构。

Since 1960s, South Korea has developed its economy. In 2004, South Korea is trading with about 230 partners, its GDP of 680.1 billion US$ the tenth biggest economy in the world, per capita GDP 14162 US$, the total trade amount of 478.3billion US$ the twelfth biggest in the world trade and the foreign reserve currencies of 199.1 billion US$ the forth biggest economy in the world. Since the start of reform and openness policy, China has attained the dramatic economic development. In 2004, China is also trading with about 230 partners, its GDP of 1650 billion US$ the forth biggest economy in the world, per capita GDP 1276 US$, the total trade amount of 1150 billion US$ the third biggest in the world trade size and the foreign reserve currencies of 609.9 billion US$ the second biggest economy in the world. South Korea has successfully pursued Korean style economic development policy, the so calleci government intervention market system and export oriented development policy. China also has pursued the Chinese socialism and gradualistie reform and openness policy and export ＆ trade oriented economic development from 1978. The high growth rates of Chinese and Korean economies have been recognized as successful development models, which utilized export and trade oriented economic development policies. Korea mainly has imported energy, raw materials and capital equipments, manufactured and exported the final outputs. The main trade players in China have been the overseas funded economic entities, which have imported intermediate commodities and capital equipments, assembled them in China and exported the final outputs. Comparing with South Korea, export and trade impacts on its economic development has been relatively partial and insignificant in China. South Korea like a nutcracker between China and Japan is supposed to improve its international competitiveness and capital equipment oriented import structure through technology and management innovation for its continuous growth.