大丰麋鹿种群的增长与管理

POPULATION GROWTH AND MANAGEMENT OF PERE DAVID'S DEER IN DAFENG RESERVE

大丰自然保护区于１９８６年引入麋鹿３９头，到１９９４年发展为１９１头，其成体平均产仔率为８３．５％，周岁内仔鹿成活率为９１％。周岁后年存活率平均为９７％。根据Ｌｅｓｌｉｅ矩阵模型，到１９９８年，麋鹿将发展到４００余头，接近其环境容纳量，到２０００年将发展到约１６００头。届时它将逐渐达到稳定年龄分布。雌性麋鹿４岁时繁殖价最高。约为新产仔鹿的１．８倍。将麋鹿种群调整到环境容纳量水平上的固定年龄分布后，每年从１～２龄麋鹿中调出约２８只（７０．９６％）。即可维持在种群规模为４００头的固定年龄分布。

The paper explored the population growth and demographic intervention of Pere David's deer in Dafeng.It was found that from reintroduced 39 individuals in 1986 to 191 in 1994,the growth of the population of David's deer was far more than its originally predicted.The reproduction rate of hinds of more than 3 years old was 83.5%.The survival rate of fawns was 91%,and 97% of those more than 1 year old.According to Leslie matrix model,population size of David's deer will increase to 420 in 1998 which is about the environmental capacity,and 604 in 2000.The instantaneous rate of increase is 0.2067 when the population reach a stable age distribution.The reproduction value of 4 years old females was 1.814, which was the highest.It was suggested that the population of David's deer should be adjusted to a stationary age distribution by removing 70.96% of the 1～2 years old age class from the population every year so as to maintain stable age distribution at the carrying capacity.