紫貂冬季食性的分析

WINTER FOOD HABITS OF SABLE (MARTES ZIBELLINA)IN DAXINGANLING MOUNTAINS,CHINA

１９９１至１９９８年的三个冬季，在大兴安岭地区共收集紫貂粪样２２３个．食性分析结果表明，紫貂冬季食物主要为小型哺乳类（５４．１％）、植物浆果和种子（３２．４％）、鸟类（１２．５％）和昆虫（１．０％）．在紫貂选择的７种小型哺乳类中，主要以棕背（２７．３％）和红背（１９．２％）为食，其次为雪兔和冬眠的花鼠。对于鸟类，紫貂主要捕食花尾榛鸡（８．１％），松鸦（０．７％），大山雀（０．５％）和黑啄本鸟等。有２．２％的粪样中含有小型鸟的卵壳、紫貂的植物性食物主要为越桔浆果（２０．８％）和偃松种籽（８．８％）。昆虫中只有蚂蚁在紫貂食性中出现（１．０％）．紫貂冬季食物构成没有年度间差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。通过捕食迹，我们还发现紫貂捕食黑嘴松鸡。虽然红背的捕获率（７９．４％）高于棕背（２．９％），但食性分析结果却相反，说明紫貂更喜欢捕捉身体较大的鼠类。有较强气味的中虽有一定的数量，但在紫貂冬季食物中未出现过。

We collected 223 sable sacts in study areas in Daxinganling Mountains in three winters from 1991 to 1993 (82 seats in 1991,89 in 1992, 52 in 1993).Results indicate that winter foods of sables are mainly small mammals (54.1%),berries and pine nuts (32.4%),birds(12.5%)and ants(1.0%).Sables select grey red-backed voles (Clethrionomys rufocanus)and northern red-backed voles (C.rutilus) as main food items in 7 prey species of small mammalls. The nexts are arctic hares (Lepus timidus)and dormant Eutamias sibircus.For birds, sables hunt hazel grouses (Telrastes bonasia)(8.1%),Eurarian jape(Garrulus glandarius)(0.7%),major tits(Parusmajor)(0.5%)etc.There are 2.2% scats contain egg shell sigments of small birds.Plant food items of sable are berries of Vaccinium vitis-ideae (20. 9%) and pine nuts of Pinus pumila(8.8%)Ants are found in-seats also(1.0%).There is not difference for frequencies of food items of sables among ysars (P>0.05).We also find that sable precate capercaille (Tetrao parvirostris).Although capture rate of C. rutilus(79.4%) is higher than that of C. rufocanus(2.9%),food habits results indicate that sables prefer C. rufocanus with larger body to C. rutilus,and avoid eating shrews(Sorex caecutiens) with musky odors.