论学校体育“体质派”与“多目的论”分歧的症结

On the Key of the Dispute between the Theories of "Constitution School" and "Multi-purpose School" in Physical Education

学校体育目的是体育教育理论研究中基础性、本质性的问题。目前,对学校体育目的界定的观点较多,这对体育课程的选择与制定影响重大。“体质派”认为体育教育目的是增强体质;“体育多目的论”认为增强体质不是体育教育的目的,或不是唯一的目的,体育教育是运动教育。本文以“科学发展观”为指导,采用文献资料调研和逻辑分析等方法,翻阅大量与学校体育教育及教育目的等相关理论的文献资料。从健康与体质的辨证关系;从体育教育的社会本位、人本位的价值取向及两者的辨证关系来正确认识体育教育的目的。通过研究认为体育教育目的为:“增强体质、增进健康、促进人的全面发展;改善人们的生活方式、提高生活质量、促进社会文明发展”。

Study on the purpose of school physical education is a fundamental and essential issue. Currently,there are a great many different viewpoints on the definition of the purpose of school physical education ,which are seriously affecting the choice and construction of physical education program. The ＂constitution school＂ believes that the purpose of physical education is to improve people＇s health. While the ＂multi-purpose school＂ argues that body building should not be the purpose of physical education ,or at least,not the only purpose,and that physical education is also sports education. Based on the viewpoint of scientific development ,the authors of this paper have reviewed large amount of literature that is related to the theories of school P. E. and purpose of education by means of literature research and logic analysis. The research is conducted to get a clear picture of the purpose of physical education from the aspects of the dialectic relationship between health and constitution, the aspect of social oriented physical education and individual oriented physical education and the relationship between the two. It is concluded that the purpose of physical education is to improve people＇s constitution and health, to promote the full development of people including their life style ,quality of living so as to enhance the development of social civilization.