新水沙条件下的黄河河口治理

Harnessing of Yellow River Estuary under new water and sediment condition

分析了黄河河口未来来水来沙的变化及其影响,从人类活动要与自然协调共处出发,讨论了在新来水来沙条件下黄河河口治理中的几个主要问题,包括入海流路、三角洲演变、防洪抗凌、水资源、生态环境和湿地保护、社会经济规划布局以及河口管理等。指出了尽管黄河水少沙多的基本特性不变,河口的演变规律就不可能有大的变化,但正确的人为干预是非常重要和有效的,这为治理方案的研究留出了很大空间。水资源是黄河河口治理的核心,根本出路在于调整产业结构、大力建设节水型社会和提高用水效率。黄河河口存在的种种问题之间具有密不可分的联系,必须采取综合治理的方法,进行统一管理。河口治理是黄河全流域治理的一部分,必须统筹兼顾,合理发展。

An analysis was made on the variation and effects of water and sediment transferring from the upstream to the Yellow River Estuary in future. Some problems related to the harnessing of the Yellow River Estuary under new water and sediment condition were discussed from the view point that human activities should assort with the nature, the problems including the water way to the sea, the evolution of the Yellow River Delta, ice-jam flood control, protection of water resources, ecological environment, and wetland, planning and allocation of social economy, and estuary management. Although the invariable water and sediment condition in the Yellow River, i.e. more sediment and less water, will not lead to obvious variation of the regularity of the evolution of the river estuary, the rational human interventions are necessary and effective. Therefore, much research work should be performed to obtain reasonable schemes for harnessing of the YeUow River Estuary. Protection and rational utihzation of water resources is a key issue in the estuary harnessing, and the fundamental measures are to adjust the industrial structure, to construct water-saving society, and to improve the efficience for water utilization. Owing to the close relationships between different problems currently existing in the estuary harnessing, it is necessary to adopt comprehensive harnessing method for unified management. Moreover, the harnessing of the estuary is a part of the whole river basin regulation; therefore, it is important to make an overall plan and take all factors into consideration for reasonable development.