《史记》感生神话与司马迁表现艺术

Pregnancy without Physical Relationship Myths in Shi Ji and Artistic Expression of SIMA Qian

《史记》记载了商、周、秦始祖和汉高祖的感生神话,其中商、周、秦的感生神话都以经典为依据,但都简略;而刘邦的感生神话则详细、系统,与他的史学思想相悖。通过深入研究发现,从汉高祖到汉武帝经历了历史神话化的过程,形成了君权神授的理论。司马迁的《史记》完成了神话历史化,但又在其中设下了微言大义。后世不察,以此为书写历史著作的模范。

SIMA Qian described pregnancy without physical relationship myths of Shang dynasty, Zhou dynasty, the first emperor of Qin dynasty and Han dynasty in his book Shi Ji. The first three kinds of myths were all based upon classics, but very brief, whereas the last was much more detailed and systematic, quite contrary to SIMS Qian＇ s thought. Further studies indicated that myth underwent the process of turning history into myth, having formed the theory of emperor＇ s power from God. SIMA Qian completed the process of turning myth into history, but his subtle words carried profound meanings. The later historians couldn＇t figure out his connotation and viewed his book as a model.