湖南农民运动中“左”的错误及其影响

The Hunan Peasant Movement's "Leftist" Mistakes and Their Influence

湖南农民运动在斗争高潮中形成了一股“左”的浪潮。中共湖南区委从1926年11月起,就采取了若干措施,纠正“左”的错误,收到了一定的效果,情况一度有所好转。但从1927年2月起,湖南区委经不起这股强大的“左”的浪潮的压力,不仅停止了纠“左”,而且自己也跟着“左”起来了。湖南区委的转向,使农民运动中的过火行为越发不可收拾。过火行为主要是农民和基层农会干部自发搞起来的,但共产党人的领导不力,指导不当,更助长了农民的过火行动。共产党对湖南农民运动指导上的失误,主要表现在:指导思想上,存在崇拜群众运动的自发性和狂热性的倾向;斗争策略上,任意扩大打击面;思想方法上,犯了绝对化、片面性的错误。湖南农民运动“左”的错误,给革命全局造成了极其不良的影响,激起了两湖地区的反革命叛乱,从而加速了国共合作的破裂。

At its climax, the Hunan peasant movement formed a 'leftist' tidal wave. Beginning in November 1926, the Hunan Regional Committee of the Chinese Communist Party adopted some measures to correct 'leftist' mistakes, which were effective and remedied the situation for a time. However, under the pressure of this strong leftist tidal wave, the Regional Committee not only stopped rectifying 'leftist' tendencies, but turned 'leftist itself. The turning of the Regional Committee made the extreme acts of the peasant movement spin further and further out of control. Though the radical acts were initiated by peasants and cadres of the grass-root peasant associations, lack of strong leadership and correct guidance from members of the CCP was also one of the driving forces behind them. The errors in the CCP's guidance of the peasant movement can be summarized as follows: in its guiding principles, it had a tendency to worship the spontaneity and fanaticism of the mass movement; in its strategy for the struggle, it enlarged the struggle's scope recklessly; in its theoretical approach, it made the mistakes of absolutism and one-sidedness. The 'leftist' mistakes of the Hunan peasant movement resulted in damage to the revolutionary cause, triggered off anti-revolutionary revolts in Hunan and Hubei provinces, and thereby accelerated the splitting apart of the cooperation between the CCP and the Guomindang.