1彼得·沃伦《电影的象征和寓意》(Peter Wollen,Signs and Meaning in the Cinema),(London,BFI,1988).
2安德列·巴赞《电影语言的进化》(Andre Bazin,"The Evolution of the Language of Cinema") in Film Theory and Criticism:Introductory Readings,Leo Braudy and Marshall Cohen,eds.(New York:Oxford University Press,Fifth ed.1999),pp.43-57.
3安德列·巴赞.《电影语言的进化》.
4安德列·巴赞《德·西卡:镜头调度大师》(Andre Bazin,"De Sica:Metteur-en sc è ne" in Film Theory and Criticism:Introductory Readings,p.207).
