北京地区13~15岁正常个体面部垂直向生长的纵向研究

Facial growth in vertical dimension of Chinese adolescents from 13 to 15 years old with normal occlusion in Beijing

目的：研究恒牙期正常[牙合]面部垂直向的纵向生长特点，为临床的诊断和治疗设计提供一定的参考。方法：对23例北京地区正常[牙合]个体（女性14人，男性9人）从13-15岁每年定期拍摄的定位头颅侧位片进行x线头影测量分析。结果：从13-15岁正常[牙合]个体在垂直向上的生长存在显著的性别差异，大多数测量项目表现为男性大于女性，且随年龄增加而增加的趋势。男性除L6-MP外、女性除UI-PP、LI-MP、U6-PP和0B外，其它测量项目在14～15岁的年变化量均小于13～14岁。从13-15岁，TAFH／TPFH均无显著的性别差异。从14～15岁，男性牙槽高度生长主要表现在的下切牙和下磨牙，而女性的牙槽高度生长主要表现在上磨牙和切牙。结论：面部垂直向的生长从13-14岁处于生长加速过程，14岁后生长速度减慢。从13～15岁正常殆个体在垂直向上的骨骼生长男女存在显著的性别差异。从14-15岁，男性和女性在牙槽高度的生长存在差异。

[ Abstract] Objective ：To observed the longitudinal changes of the facial growth in vertical dimension in the Chi- nese adolescents with normal occlusion from 13 to 15 years old. Methods：The subjects were from Beijing area and consisted of 9 males and 14 females aged 12.5 -13.5 years with Class I skeletal and dental pattern and without previous orthodontic treatment. Serial 2-year- annual cephalometric radiographs were taken and digitalized. De- scriptive statistics for the absolute and incremental changes of the skeletal cephalometric measurements were con- ducted. Results：Significant gender differences ill the changes of facial growth in vertical dimension from 13 to 15 years old were observed. Most of the skeletal measurements in males showed greater value than those in females. The number of the measurements which showed gender difference increased with age. The annual incremental chan- ges of TAFH, TPFH, LAFH, U6-PP in males and those of TPFH and RH in females from 13 to 14 years old were greater than those from 14 to 15 years, However, the average increment of L6-MP in males and that of UI-PP, LI- MP, U6-PP and OB in females from 13 to 14 years old were smaller than those from 14 to 15 years old. There was no significant gender difference in TAFH/TPFH from 13 to 15 years of age. Gender difference from 14 to 15 years old was found in the growth of dental-alveolar height. The main dento-alveolar height changes happened in lower in- cisors and lower molars in males and in the region of upper molars and upper incisor in females. Conclusion：The skeletal facial growth in vertical dimension from 13 to 14 year old falls into the accelerating period. After 14 years old, the growth velocity is slowed down. There are significant gender differences in the skeletal changes of facial growth in vertical dimension from 13 to 15 years old. From 14 to 15 years old, the gender differences are mainly found in the growth of the dento-alveolar height.