2000—2001年安阳孝民屯东南地殷代铸铜遗址发掘报告

EXCAVATION OF 2000—2001 ON THE BRONZE FOUNDRY-SITE OF THE YIN PERIOD IN THE SOUTHEAST OF XIAOMINTUN,ANYANG

孝民屯位于安阳市西北约5公里，东距小屯村约2．5公里。村东濒临洹河，其余三面均已被安阳市钢铁公司包围。该村土地现被安阳钢铁公司征用。1960年秋，我队曾在孝民屯村西发掘出土少量殷代陶范，当时认为孝民屯西地可能是一处以生产工具和兵器为主的殷代民间手工业铸铜作坊，面积很小。2000年春和2001年春，为配合安阳钢铁公司的基本建设，我队在孝民屯村东南地进行了两次发掘，发现该遗址文化内涵丰富，龙山、先商、殷代、东周、汉代、魏晋、唐宋和明清等不同时期的文化遗存均有发现（附表一；附表二）。

In the spring of 2000 and that of 2001, in concert with the capital construction of the Anyang Steel Corporation, the Anyang Archaeological Team, IA, CASS, carried out two seasons of excavation at the Locus Southeast of Xiaomintun Village, and discovered an extensive area of Yin period bronze foundry remains. The revealed bronze-casting vestiges include ash-pits （cellars）, house-foundations and plots of land with green rust. The unearthed bronze-casting implements are so great in number and so rich in variety that they have no comparable counterpart among the previously recorded foundry-sites. They fall into four classes, copper smelting, bronze casting, decorating and miscellaneous implements. The first class is represented by the smelting furnace only, which comprise two types made of straw-mixed clay and sandy clay respectively, both belonging to the internal-combustion style. The second class embraces the pottery model, mould and core. The third include grinding stones for retouching bronze products and implements for retouching pottery models, moulds and cores, such as pottery pats, small bronze knives and carving needles and bone awls. The fourth is formed of pottery pipes, ＂helmet ＂-shaped pottery objects, burntclay lumps and charcoal, which are also commonly-seen remains on the ruins. In date the foundry-site belongs mainly to the fourth phase of the Yinxu culture. It is a ruined bronzecasting workshop of the Yin period, large in scale and high in grade, and producing chiefly ritual objects. Reaching an area of more than 10,000 sq m, it is another large-sized bronzecasting foundry-site of the Yin period revealed after the same type of discovery recorded at the Locus North of Miaopu at the railway in Anyang.