椎板下棘的解剖学特征及其临床意义

The anatomical characteristics of spina lamina vertebrae inferior and its clinical significance

目的:观测椎板下棘的出现率及形态特征,探讨其与黄韧带骨化的关系,为临床应用提供形态学基础。方法:对82套成人全脊椎配套骨标本和12例全脊柱尸体标本进行观测、分型,并对其长、宽、厚测量。结果:椎板下棘出现于C7￣L5,出现率较高段在T8￣12,最高为T10达80.5%,侧别、性别及相邻节段间均有显著性差异(P<0.01);长与宽最大均值区间均为T9￣12,其最大均值均位于T10,分别为(4.1±2.1)mm和(4.4±2.3)mm。结论:下胸段椎板下棘的出现率高且形体较大;总体分布呈以T10为峰顶的“山峰”形变化趋势;女性多于男性,左侧多于右侧;椎板下棘成因可能与小关节的活动度及黄韧带骨化密切相关。

Objectivo： To observe the occurrence rate and morphological characteristics of spina lamina vertebrae inferior （SLVI）, study the relationship between SLVI and ossification of ligamentum flavum, and provide morphological basis for clinical application. Methods： The type of SLVI was observed, the length, width, thickness were measured on 82 sets of dried adult vertebrae and 12 samples of spinal column. Results： SLVI was found in vertebra C7～L5, T8-12 was the higher, but highest ocurrence rate was found in T10 which was up to 80.5%. From symmetry we found that statistical significance occurred on two sides and sexuality, as well superior and inferior segment （P〈0.01）. T9-12 region was the highest for length and width, while the highest value concerned with T10 were （4.1±2.1 ）mm and （ 4.4±2.3 ）mm respectively. Conclusions： The occurrence rate of SLVI is higher and the shape is bigger, which show ＂peak＂ tendency up to T10. The occurrence rate of female was more than male and the left side was more than the right. The forming reason of SLVI may be interrelated with the moving degree of zygapophysieal joint and ossification of the ligamentum flavum.