下颌后静脉的形态学特点及其临床意义

The morphologic study of retromandibular vein and its clinical significance

目的:明确下颌后静脉的解剖学特点及其与下颌角之间的解剖关系,为下颌角截骨术中避免损伤下颌后静脉提供解剖学依据。方法:22侧福尔马林固定成人尸体头颈部标本,解剖观测下颌后静脉的走行、构成、长度、外径及其与周围结构的关系。结果:下颌后静脉位于下颌骨后缘,由颞浅静脉和上颌静脉合成。起始处外径为(5.6±2.6)mm,长度为(4.46±2.08)cm。围绕下颌支后缘静脉长度为(4.27±0.80)cm,围绕下颌体下缘静脉长度为(2.02±0.42)cm。结论:在改脸形手术中预切除下颌角的后缘和下缘均有静脉围绕,尤其在下颌支后缘的中段,静脉口径粗大,与下颌支之间仅隔以菲薄骨膜,在下颌角截骨术中要注意避免损伤此静脉。

Objective： To investigate the course and features of the retromandibular vein and discuss its clinical significance during the osteotomy of angle of mandible. Methods： On 11 human heads fixed with formalin （22 sides）, the whole trunk of the retromandibular vein was exposed, and then, its course, diameter, length and tributaries were observed and measured, as well its relationships with surrounding structures. Results： The superficial temporal vein united with the maxillary vein to form the retromandibular vein. Its diameter at the beginning was about （5.6±2.6）mm, with the length of （4.46±2.08） cm. The length of the vein enclosing the posterior border of ramus of mandible was about （4.27±0.80）cm, and that enclosing the inferior border of mandible was about （2.02±0.42）cm. Conclusions： The angle of mandible that would be resected during the osteotomy is encircled by veins. On the middle segment of ramus of mandible, the vein is more bulky and be separated from the ramus of mandible just by periosteum. The dissection around the angle of mandible should be careful for avoiding the injury of the vein.