原发性骨质疏松症及其运动处方

Primary osteoporosis and its exercise prescription

目的:原发骨质疏松症的主要特征是骨量减少、骨组织微结构破坏、骨脆性增高和骨折危险性增加。而科学合理的运动可以有效的增加骨量,延缓骨量的丢失,从而可以起到防治骨质疏松的目的。就运动对防治原发性骨质疏松症的机制以及运动处方作一综述。资料来源:应用网络http://www.chkd.cnki.net/index.htm/,http://www.highwire.org/,检索1994-2006有关骨质疏松症和运动处方相关的论文,英文检索词为“Exerciseprescription;osteoporosis”,并限定语种为English;中文检索词为“运动处方;骨质疏松症”,并限定语种为中文;另外手工查找骨密度有关的资料和书籍。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取与骨质疏松症和运动处方相关的文献,所选择的文献为研究原著,排除重复研究和综述类文献。资料提炼:共收集到200篇骨质疏松症、运动及运动处方的文献,在选择、分析的基础上,排除重复或类似研究,最终提炼出17篇文献进行分类整理用于综述。资料综合:①对原发性骨质疏松症与缺乏运动有着密切的关系,运动能够不断地刺激骨组织,促进破骨细胞向成骨细胞转变,同时也能促进血液循环和神经体液的调节,有利于血钙向骨内的输送。运动有助于增加机体的平衡力和灵活性,减少摔倒与骨折的发生。②运动对于原发性骨质疏松的防治,主要是通过增加骨量来达到防治骨质疏松的目的。运动是影响骨量的主要积极因素,运动方式、运动种类、运动时间等都会对骨量产生不同影响。运动主要通过直接和间接两种方式对骨产生负荷刺激。③运动强度是运动处方安全而有效的关键所在。运动强度和运动持续时间决定其运动负荷。最适宜的运动频度为3～4次/周。④运动要注意自我保护,锻炼前应做医学检查,并定期检查身体;运动中应避免过多的爆发性、力量性练习和屏气动作,并加强自我监督;运动期间,要适当进行日光浴并加强饮食中钙的摄入,锻炼的整个周期一般以3～6个月为宜。结论:科学合理的体育锻炼可以有效的增加骨量及延缓骨量的丢失,因此可以起到防治骨质疏松症的目的。在实施运动处方的过程中,不同的运动项目、运动强度、运动时间等都会对骨量产生不同影响。

OBJECTIVE： Primary osteoporosis is mainly characteristics of osteoponia, damaged microstructure in bone tissues, increased bone fragility and risk of bone fracture. However, scientific and reasonable exercise can effectively increase the bone mass and postpone the loss of bone mass, and accordingly prevent and cure the osteoporosis. To review the mechanism of in the prevention and treatment of as well as the exercise prescription. DATA SOURCES： A search of http：//www.chkd.cnki.net/index.htm/ and http：//www.highwire.org/was conducted for articles related to osteoporosis and exercise prescription between 1994 and 2006 with the key words of ＂Exercise prescription; Osteoporosis＂ in both Chinese and English. Moreover, materials and books related to bone density were manually looked for. STUDY SELECTION： Data were checked in the first trial, and literatures related to osteoporosis and exercise prescription were selected, all of which were original articles. Repetitive researches and reviews were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION： A total of 200 articles related to osteoporosis, exercise and exercise prescription were collected, while repetitive studies or similar researches were excluded after selection and analysis. Finally, 17 literatures were adopted and classified for reviews. DATA SYNTHESIS： ①Primary osteoporosis was closely correlated with lacking of exercise. Exercise could continuously stimulate the bone tissues, promote the transform of osteoclast towards osteocyte, which could also promote the blood circulation and regulate the nerrohumor, it was good to the transport of blood calcium towards bone. Exercise facilitated to increase the equilibrant and flexibility of organism as well as reduce the falling down and bone fracture. ②Exercise could prevent and cure the osteoporosis mainly by increasing the bone mass, and it was a major positive factor for bone mass. The style, classification and duration of exercise had different effects on bone mass, and the loading stimulus affected on bones could be produced by direct and indirect exercises.③ The exercise intensity was the key point in ensuring safe and effective exercise prescription. The exercise load was decided by the intensity and duration of exercise. The most proper exercise frequency was 3-4 times per week. ④Self-protection should be focused in exercise, and medical examination should be done before exercise with regular body examination. Exceeding exercise of burst and strength as well as breath-holding are prohibited, and the self-supervising should be reinforced. During the exercise, sun bathing should be conducted properly with reinforced intake of calcium in diet. The proper cycle was generally 3-6 months. CONCLUSION： Scientific and proper physical exercise can effectively increase the bone mass and postpone the loss of bone mass, and accordingly prevent and cure the osteoporosis. In the performance of exercise prescription, different item, intensity and duration of exercise will bring different effects.