“目的”的语法及其在批评性话语分析中的应用

The Grammar of Purpose and Its Application in Critical Discourse Analysis

目的虽然有主观性,但它本质上仍然是客观的。功利主义伦理观构筑了目的行为的合理化。目的性行为的话语构建,可分成目标型行为、手段型行为和结果型行为等三种类型。从伊战前夕布什对萨达姆政权发出的最后通牒和《华盛顿邮报》上一篇反战派的评论可以看出,这二个语篇中构建美政府及盟军、伊政权和伊人民行为的目的的语言手段有很大的差异。由此可见,目的性在话语中的分布与社会行为中权力的分布密切相关。运用目的的语法可以识别话语作者力图建立的权势关系,分析话语中意识形态的生成和表现形式。

Although it has some subjective connotations purpose is objective in itself. Utilitarian morality is embedded in the construction of purpose rationalization. The construction of purposive actions can be categorized into three aspects： goal-oriented actions means-oriented action and consequence-oriented action. By drawing a comparison between the Ultimatum hunched by the Bush Administration and an anti-war commentary published in Washington Post, this paper gives an in-depth analysis of these two discourses, showing that different linguistic means are employed to construct the purposes of the Bush Administration, the Saddam Administration and the Iraqi people. The distribution of different purposive actions in discourse is closely related to the distribution of power in social actions. The grammar of purpose construction can help identify the ideology represented in the discourse and the power relationship beneath the discourse.