法律判断大小前提的建构及其方法

The Construction and its Methods of the Major and Minor Premises of Legal Judgment

法律方法效命于法律判断的形成,法律判断的形成是一个将大小前提进行等置的过程。在这个过程中,视事实与规范之间的不同关系,要运用各种方法去建构大小前提,即使事实一般化、使规范具体化。这些方法包括:客观目的探究,法律修正、正当违背法律,法律补充、反向推论等建构大前提的特有方法;观察、实验、技术鉴定、法医鉴定等建构小前提的特有方法;以及演绎、归纳、设证、类比、解释、论证、诠释等建构大小前提共同运用的方法。它们共同构成法律方法的体系。

The legal method is.determined by the formation of legal judgment, which is a process of equating the major premises and the minor premises. During this process, according to the different relations between the facts and the norms, different kinds of methods need to be used to construct the major and minor premises, generalizing the facts and specifying the norms. These methods include the peculiar methods of constructing major premises, such as inquiry into the objective purpose, legal amendment, violence of law in justifiable manners, legal supplement, reversal inference, etc. ; the peculiar methods of constructing minor premises, such as observation, practice, technical verification, legal medical expert evaluation, etc. ; and the common methods of constructing the major and minor premises, such as deduction, induction, analogy, explanation, demonstration, annotation, etc. These together constitute the system of legal methods.