古汉语“否”字用法的再认识

A Further Discussing on the Usage of "Fou (否)" in the Ancient Chinese

通过分析先秦至宋代一些典籍中的“否”字句,探讨“否”字句的结构形式、配置意义及语用功能,可以进一步认识古汉语“否”字的语法特点及其衍化规律———“否”字的性质关涉以下几个方面:自立性与粘着性、否定性与不定性、应对性与提问性、替代性与述谓性、附前性与置后性;“否”字词性的衍化,可以从“VP否?”由正反是非问到单纯是非问的演变得到机制性的解释。

The structural feature and the evolutional pattern of＂ fou＂ （否） can be expounded further by analyzing the sentences with it in several ancient books and records from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, and by looking into its syntactic construction, collocational meaning and pragmatic function-the properties of ＂fou＂ （否） are independence and cohesion, negativity and indefiniteness, responsiveness and interrogativeness, substitutiveness and predictiveness, dependence and postpositiveness. The evolutional mechanism of ‘fou＇ （否） can be expounded with yes-no question＂ VP fou＂ （否） from its positive negative form to the simple form.