话语的语用等值与共有知识

Pragmatic Equivalence and Shared Knowledge

话语的语用等值是获得会话含义的最佳途径,并在极大程度上依赖于交际双方所享有的共有知识;发话人是共有知识的诱发者,他(她)对共有知识的假定,既是引发会话含义的根本原因,又是获得语用等值的重要依据,缺乏共有知识则使交际双方陷入误解。

Pragmatic equivalence is accepted as the best way to derive conversational implictures and depends largely on the kind of knowledge that is activated by the speaker and shared by the participants in a conversation. The assumptions that the speaker makes about it not only produce the implictures but also provide a sound basis for achieving equivalence ; thus misunderstanding occurs between participants when they cannot share such knowledge.