论体操技术(男子部分)的演进过程及其规律

Discuss on Evolution Process and Law of Gymnastic Skills(Male Part)

体操技术经过一个世纪的发展,演进到了如今的形态,其发展遵循着一定的客观规律。以体操技术(男子部分)发展的历史回溯为主线,把体操技术的演进过程分为四个阶段:体操技术发展的起步阶段、场地器械革新带来的技术大发展阶段、规则导向基础上的技术加速发展阶段、体操技术高起点基础上的稳步发展阶段。在此基础上,考察了体操技术演进过程的四个阶段性特征:“原始与单一”是体操技术发展起步阶段的典型特征、基本技术的“更新与开拓”是体操技术大发展阶段的标志、“立体化、动力化、多样化”是体操技术加速发展阶段规则导向的产物、追求“难、新”与“稳、美”的统一是体操技术高起点基础上稳步发展阶段的永恒主题。在梳理出技术历史发展的主框架和线索之后,进而推演出了体操技术发展演进的基本规律,即:由稳定到失稳是体操技术发展的诱因;渐变和突变是体操技术发展的方式;需求拉力与科技推力是发展的动力;体操技术演进的统一性表现为相似和重演。

The gymnastic skills evolute as modern forms and obey certain objective law after a century development. Through backtracking the development of gymnastic skills （ male part）, the paper investigates the characteristics of its four stages as follows ： the start stage of skill development; the great skill improvement brought by the reformation of gymnastics apparatus ; skill accelerating development basing on law guidance; steady development of high level of skill starting point. Furthermore, it investigates characteristics of four stages during its process： ＂originality and singularity is typical characteristic in skill starting stage and the ＂renewal and expend＂ of basic skills is the signal of great development stage ; ＂stereoscopic, motorization, diversify＂ is the outcome of great development stage of gymnastics skills; pursuing the unify of ＂difficult and new＂ and ＂steady and beautiful＂ is eternal topic in steady development of high level of skill starting point. Carding the main framework and clue of gymnastic skill development, the paper induces the basic revelation law of gymnastic skills as follows： the inducement is from steady to instability; the mode is gradual transition and abrupt change; the motivation is demand pull and science and technology push; the revelation unity presents as similarity and repeat.