Ⅱ优航1号作再生稻栽培的超高产特性及调控技术

Super-high yielding characteristics and regulation techniques inⅡyouhangl using as ratoon rice cultivar

在福建省尤溪县建立Ⅱ优航1号的再生稻超高产示范片6.7 hm^2,2003～2005年3a平均每公顷产量,头季12375kg、再生季7907kg。根据产量构成调查和试验结果分析,明确：①再生稻产量与每平方米总粒数呈极显著正相关,而头季以每穗粒数与每平方米总粒数的相关较密切,再生季以每平方米穗数与每平方米总粒数的相关较密切；②Ⅱ优航1号实现超高产,头季必须在足额穗数基础上,主攻大穗,形成每平方米4.5～5.0万粒的库容量；再生季必须提高腋芽萌发率,培育比母茎多70％～100％的穗数,以多穗补小穗的不足,形成每平方米3.5万粒的库容量；③主要超高产栽培技术为优化配置生育期,发掘气候资源的潜在生产力；畦栽沟灌,保持土壤湿润透气性状,培育形态发达、机能高而持久的根系；依据目标产量,定量分期施肥；通过头季十黄收割、高留稻桩、重施芽肥等措施,提高再生腋芽萌发率。

6.7 hm^2 demonstration areas of super-high yielding ratoon rice were established in Youxi County of Fujian Province. The average yields from 2003 to 2005 were 12 375 kg · hm^-2 in main cropping season and 7 907 kg · hm^-2 in ratoon rice. Output investigation and test result analysis indicated that ： ①The output of ratoon rice and the quantity of total spikelets in the per m^2 area display extremely remarkable relation, in main rice, spikelets per spike was related best to yield; in ratoon rice, the spikes per m^2 was related best to yield. ②To realize superhigh yielding by Ⅱ youhangl, the key in main cropping season was how to cultivate further big spike on the basis of adequate spike and breaked through the bottleneck of total spikelets per m^2, forms 45 000- 50 000 spikes per m^2 of storehouse capacity; the key for ratoon rice was boosting germination rate of auxiliary bud, forming more spikes than that of main rice and offsetting shortage of small spikes by using more spikes, forms 35 000 spikelets per m^2 of storehouse capacity. ③The main techniques for super-high yielding were ： optimized growing period, excavated latent productivity of climate resources, sowing and planting early in order to prolong vegetative growth period, cultivating rice in ridge bed with intermittent furrow irrigation, advancing fertilizer practice, maintaining soil moisture and aeration, cultivating developed shape and high functional root system; cultivating main rice well, improving vitality of root system at later stage, leaving higher rice stubble and dressing heavy fertilizer to promote buds and tillers of ratoon rice.