高等教育研究中的“范式”与“视角”辨析

An Analysis of“Paradigm”and“Perspective”in Higher Education Research

范式在科学研究中提供的是一种基于对世界根本看法的方法论体系。在具体研究方法的层面或学科制度层面上使用范式这一概念,显得过于宽泛。判定一门学科是否成立的基本依据不是是否确立了某种范式,而是是否具有严密的范畴体系和以此为共同话语的学术群体任何一种研究视角都意味着一套从基本的范畴、命题到方法原则构成的特定“话语系统”。学科性视角与方法论视角是两种既有联系又有差别的视角。高等教育研究中的不同范式之争还会继续下去,而多学科研究的方法也不会从高等教育研究的视野中消失。

A paradigm in scientific research provides a methodology based on a certain world view.Using the concept of paradigm with regard to specific research methods or at the disciplinary level ap- pears excessively extensive.The foundation for judging the establishment of a discipline should be a strict category system and an academic group with a common discourse,rather than a para- digm.A research perspective implies some given“discourse system”involving a set of basic categories,propositions and methodological principles.Disciplinary perspective and methodo- logical perspective are interrelated but different.While the debate on various paradigms is still continuing,multi-disciplinary methods also work in higher education research.