抗青枯病花生资源的种子大小及主要品质性状的遗传分化

Genetic diversity of peanut genotypes with resistance to bacterial wilt based on seed characters

以123份不同类型的抗青枯病花生种质为材料,对荚果大小、种子大小、出仁率、蛋白质、含油量和脂肪酸等性状遗传分化进行了研究。研究结果表明,在我国抗青枯病花生资源中,高油酸种质资源较多,这些资源的荚果及种仁大小,油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、花生烯酸、山嵛酸含量性状均存在丰富的遗传变异;但是,高含油量资源较少,而且在含油量、蛋白质含量和出仁率方面的遗传多样性不丰富。根据12个与种子品质相关性状信息,123份抗青枯病资源被分成2组5亚组13个品种群,这些品种(群)与已被广为利用的骨干抗病亲本协抗青和台山三粒肉之间存在很大的遗传分化。

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a major biotic factor affecting peanut production and is prevalent in China. In the past two decades, China has made big progress on the improvement of genotype with bacterial wilt resistance in peanut varieties through transmission of resistant genes from germplasm. However, the yield of released resistant varieties is low and seed quality is poor, especially the oil and oleic acid contents are relatively low compared to susceptible varieties. Up to now, only a few germplasms with bacterial wilt resistance have been used in peanut breeding program. Enhancement of resistant germplasm is important for peanut breeding. In this study, the pod mass, seed mass, shelling percentage and seed chemical components including oil content, protein content and fatty acids had been evaluated in 123 resistant genotypes. The results revealed big differences on pod mass, seed mass, contents of oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, eicosenoic acid and behenic acid among these genotypes. There were many accessions with high concentration of oleic acid and only a few genotypes with high oil content in these genotypes. Based on the data on seed chemical components, the 123 genotypes were classified in two groups and five subgroups including 13 clusters. The main resistant resources Xiekangqing and Taishan Sanlirou were in different groups.