油田用两性孪连表面活性剂的合成及表征

Synthesis and Characterization of Four Zwitterionic Surfactants in Oil Production

用癸醇、十二醇、十四醇和十六醇分别与1,3,2-二烷磷酰氯低温下反应生成环状磷酸酯的中间产物,再用N,N-二甲基十二胺在亲核溶剂中进行开环反应合成了两性孪连表面活性剂;通过红外光谱、薄层色谱(TLC)分别对中间产物结构及目的产物形成过程进行了监测,精制提纯后得到了4种含N+和磷酸根的两性孪连表面活性剂,其质量收率分别为32%,54%,18%和28%;产物的结构通过1HNMR、IR进行了鉴定。元素组成分析表明,两性离子表面活性剂C,H,O,N的分析值与理论计算值偏差不超过0·3%。4种表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度分别为12·5,9·2,7·8和7·7×10-6mol/L,对应的表面张力分别为23·90,25·61,27·68和35·82mN/m。该两性孪连表面活性剂具有良好的抗盐、高活性性能,是一种油田用新型表面活性剂。

A series of novel zwitterionic surfactants with two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic groups in the molecule (so-called heterogemini surfactants) are synthesized. One of the hydrophilic groups is a phosphodiester anion and the other is a quaternary ammonium salt. Two methylene groups separate the two headgroups. A family of zwitterionic Gemini surfactants with two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic groups in the molecule are synthesized by reaction of fatty alcohols with the cyclic ethylene chlorophosphate to yield intermediates, which are subsequently ring-opened by an alkyldimethylamine. Four products are produced in mass percents of 32%,54%,18% and 28% respectively. Reaction progress is supervised by TLC. Structures of products and intermediates are identified by ~1HNMR and IR, the results of elemental analysis showed that the mass variations of contents of C,H,O,N in the four products with that of formula are less than 0.3%. the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of four surfactants at 30℃ are 12.5, 9.2, 7.8 and 7.7×10~ -6 mol/L respectively.