神经氨酸酶茎部氨基酸缺失对H5N1亚型禽流感病毒生物学特性的影响

Biological significance of amino acids deletion in NA stalk of H5N1 avain influenza virus

近年来H5N1亚型禽流感病毒（AIV）神经氨酸酶（NA）茎部15—20个氨基酸的自发缺失时有报道，突变对于AIV生物学特性的影响还没有得到系统研究。应用反向遗传操作技术，拯救获得5株具有不同NA茎部长度的H5N1／PR8重组AIV。重组病毒的内部基因和血凝素（HA）基因来源相同，NA基因来源不同，并在NA茎部进行20个氨基酸的删除或添加突变。通过研究其生物学特性发现，5株重组病毒在SPF鸡胚中繁殖良好，其EID50、MDT和平均病毒滴度相似；NA茎部长短影响病毒的解凝能力，长茎病毒红细胞解脱能力比短茎病毒强；NA茎部15或20个氨基酸删除突变提高了重组病毒在MDCK细胞上的繁殖能力，短茎病毒释放出的病毒粒子数量是长茎病毒的10。100倍，释放时间提前6．10h，短茎病毒在MDCK细胞上形成的空斑也明显比长茎病毒的空斑大。实验结果揭示了AIVNA茎部氨基酸缺失突变的生物学意义，NA茎部15或20个氨基酸删除突变增强了AIV的细胞适应性，可能与现阶段H5N1亚型AIV宿主范围进一步扩大有关。利用反向遗传技术成功拯救了5株H5N1／PR8重组流感病毒，为流感病毒基因功能研究和重组疫苗研究建立了技术平台。通过对AIVNA茎部氨基酸的删除突变提高了病毒在MDCK细胞上的繁殖产量，为流感病毒细胞苗的生产提供了新的思路。

It has been reported that NA gene of some HIN1 Influenza A virus strains isolated since 1933 is characterized by a deletion of 11 to 16 amino acids in the stalk. The spontaneous mutant in NA stalk of H1N1 virus lacks enzyme activity with large substrate （fetuin） but not with small substrate （sialyllactose）. Recently, H5N1 virus also has been found that NA has the same unique mutation in the stalk, a deletion of 15 to 20 amino acids. However, biological significance of this mutation has not yet been reported. In order to investigate biological significance of the amino acids deletion in NA stalk of H5N1, five reassorted H5N1/PR8 viruses were generated via eight-plasmid based reverse genetics system. These five viruses were named 506, m506-, 646, m646 ＋ and 196, respectively. The six internal genes of recombinants were all from A/PR8/34（H1N1）, and HA gene was from NGIJS/03（H5N1）, however, they had different NA genes. 506 and m506- held NA fragments derived from AIGIHD/00（H5N1）, and the former was distinguished with a longer NA which had no 20 amino acids deletion in the stalk. 646 and m646 ＋ held NA fragments from AIGIJS/03（H5N1）, and the NA stalk of m646 ＋ was 20 amino acids longer than that of 646. The NA of 196 was derived from A/PR8/34 which had 15 amino acids deletion in its stalk. Biological characteristics of these viruses showed that recombinants with different NA length could grow well in embryonated SPF eggs, and their EIDso, MDT, and viral titers were similar. However, the length of NA was related to the capacity of eluting viruses from erythrocytes for 506 and 646 ＋ which holding longer NA stalks eluted from erythrocytes more quickly than m506-, 646 and 196 did. Moreover, 15 or 20 amino acids deletion in NA stalk had a pronounced effect on virus growth ability in MDCK cells. Viral titers in supernatant of MDCK infected with m506- or 646 were 10 to 100 folds higher than those infected by 506 or m646 ＋. And the plaque size of m506- and 646 were larger than that of 506 and m646 ＋. The results reveals that H5N1 AIV with amino acids deletion in NA stalk would expand its host range. The unique amino acids deletion in NA molecule of H5N1 may be associated with the adaptation of virus to terrestrial poultry or the increasing ability of interspecies transmission.