哺乳动物有性与无性生殖的实验胚胎学研究

EXPERIMENTAL EMBRYOLOGY OF SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL MAMMAL REPRODUCTION

近50年来,发育生物学和生殖生物学领域出现了两大突出进展,震撼了生物学界和整个世界。一是哺乳动物精子获能的发现而创建了试管动物和试管婴儿技术,它标志着人们对生殖生理和生殖控制的完善；二是以卵子为受体的克隆动物的诞生,使哺乳动物体细胞克隆成为可能,这标志着人类对生殖和发育机制的发挥和创新,并为人类干预生殖和发育开拓了广阔前景。虽然受精生物学与动物克隆是研究生命启动奥秘的一门学科,已成为生命科学研究的核心之一,但是还有诸多问题亟待发掘并需要深入研究。本文主要从以下两方面介绍20年来在该领域研究中取得的进展与成果：(1)动物有性生殖研究方面侧重介绍受精机理和显微受精的研究成果；(2)动物无性生殖研究方面重点介绍克隆牛及其基础研究的进展。

This research was casted in the area of experimental embryology, which covers from animal fertilization to cloning. Two achievements in the field of reproductive biology have created major influence in the past 50 years. One is the discovery of sperm capacitation and the establishment of in vitro fertilization technology, and the other is the birth of somatic cell nuclear transfer animals. Although researches in reproductive biology have developed very quickly and a lot of literatures have been published, many basic theoretical questions are still remained illusive. This paper gives a brief description of our researches during the past decade.