水资源配置的水循环响应定量研究——以宁夏为例

Quantitative Analysis of Response of Water Resources Allocation on Water Cycle System in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

水资源配置是通过一系列工程措施和非工程措施组成的综合体系实现,这些措施将从水循环过程和路径两方面改变区域水循环状况,区域蒸散发量、地表地下水资源分布、产汇流、入渗、地下水位等将发生显著的变化,而这些变化将直接影响到区域未来水资源量、需水量和生态环境等状况,也关系着水资源配置的合理性与否。本文以宁夏为例,针对不同的研究区域,系统分析了水资源配置措施可能带来的区域水循环的影响情况,提出了水资源配置对区域水循环影响的定量分析方法,并且给出了水资源配置措施下宁夏平原区、扬黄灌区和南部山区所产生的水循环变化,为水资源合理配置决策提供了支持。

Water resources rationally allocated by engineering and non-engineering measures will change the regional water cycle from two aspects： cycling process and cycling modes. Water evaporation, runoff, infiltration and groundwater table etc are also changed to directly affect the status of regional water resources, water demand, ecosystem as well as the rationality of water resources allocation. Taking Ningxia as an example, the paper systemically analyzes the water cycle changes in different areas caused by water resources allocation measures. Moreover, the quantificational methods are presented to study water cycle affected by water resources allocation. With these methods, the water cycle changes are brought out by water resources allocation in plain area and mountainous areas of Ningxia. As a result, the intensity of water cycle in plain area would be weakened greatly, and the total water consumption would be reduced in the year 2010. Then it would increase slowly since 2020. The water diversion and drainage in the plain area would decrease greatly, and the drain component, groundwater supply and consumption would change notably. The groundwater table would drop 0.18 and 0.41 meter in the irrigation and nonirrigation period respectively in Qing Tongxia irrigation area in 2010. It is expected to drop 0.37 and 0.65 respectively in 2020. The ecological water consumption would be reduced and water source of lakes would be transferred from natural supply to artificial supply. With reconstruction measures carried out in pumping irrigation area, the regression of water in unit area would be reduced to some extent. Due to the adoption of measures of water and soil conservation in mountainous area of Ningxia, soil water resources woud increase to 0.026 and 0.038 billion cubic meters. Consequently, the local precipitation would effectively been used.