广义水资源合理配置总控结构研究

The Conceptual Framework for Rational Allocation of Water Resources

水资源合理配置是实现水资源可持续利用的重要手段,本文分别从配置水源、配置对象和配置目标3个方面对广义水资源合理配置的内涵进行诠释,提出广义水资源合理配置中的配置水源在包含一般性的地表地下水资源配置外,还将降水和土壤水也纳入到配置体系中;配置对象上增添了天然生态配水项;配置指标拓展到广义的层面,提出了3层配置指标,从而更加全面真实的反映了区域水资源的供需平衡状况。同时本文指出广义水资源合理配置必须以平原区水循环转化为理论基础,才能建立面向经济生态系统的广义水资源合理配置总控结构,该总控结构可分为6个层次:评价层、预测层、控制层、模拟层、响应层和结果层。并以宁夏为例,建立基于广义水资源合理配置总控结构下的配置模式,结果表明在该配置结构下,宁夏经济生态广义水资源缺水量最小,区域经济发展迅速,绿洲生态稳定性良好。

Rational allocation of water resources is an important method to realize water resources sustainable utilization. This paper interprets the connotation of water resources rational allocation： 1 ） For the concept of water sources it concludes precipitation, soil water, conventional surface water and ground water; 2） As far as the objective it not only covers industry, agriculture and human life but also natural ecosystem; 3） It presents water allocation indicators at three levels, that is, conventional water supply and demand balance, supply and demand balance of water consumption, general water supply and demand balance. Meanwhile, because great changes have taken place in water cycle mechanism in plain area, which is intervened by the increasing frequent human activities, the natural water cycle system has been replaced by compound water cycle system affected by human and nature. Therefore, the general structure of water resources rational allocation of economy and ecology system must be established for scientifically understanding of water cycle mechanism in plain area. The general structure can be divided into six levels： evaluation level, prediction level, control level, simulation level, response level and results level. The simulation level is the core for inferring water supply and demand balance. With this general structure of water resources rational allocation, the water resources allocation pattern of 50% inflow of the Yellow River in year 2010 in Ningxia autonomous region is established. The results show that with this structure and given that 50% inflow of the Yellow River in year 2010 and water saving measures adopted, the total water shortage of economy and ecology system in Ningxia municipality would be about 0.86 × 10＆8m^3. The water shortage for agricultural production would be 0.30 × 10^8m^3 and for ecosystem 0.56× 10^8m^3 . The GDP could reach 727.8×10^8 Yuan RMB with 10.61% increased rate per year. The living standard of resident would be increased evidently and the oasis ecosystem stability would be increased.