广州地区地下水类型特征及其对城市建设环境的影响

Types and Characters of Groundwater in Guangzhou Area and Its Affection to City Construction Environment

概述了广州地区的地质和水文地质环境以及富水规律，划分出松散岩类孔隙水、碳酸盐岩裂隙溶洞水、红层孔隙裂隙岩溶水、基岩裂隙水4种地下水类型，叙述了各类地下水的主要特征。以实例说明各类地下水对城市建设环境的影响，并引发斜坡失稳、岩溶地面塌陷、软土地基不均匀沉降等灾害。提出采用1：10000～1：25000比例尺，开展广州地区红色风化壳的水文地质特征与边坡稳定，隐伏岩溶与上覆第四系的水文地质特征及场地稳定性，软土及沙层的水文地质特征及场地的稳定性进行研究及研究内容，为城市规划建设、工程决策、灾害防治提供地下水对建设环境影响的依据。

Geological and hydrogeological conditions and groundwater distribution in Guangzhou area are summarized in this paper. Groundwater is divided into four types： pore water in loose sediment, cavity water in fractured carbonate rock, karst water in porous and fractured red beds, and fracture water in bedrock. The main characteristics of those groundwater types are described. Examples are given to explain how different types of groundwater affect the construction environment in city areas, including causing slope instability, ground collapse in karst areas, and differential settlement of foundations in soft soil. It is proposed to carry out research projects on hydrogeological characteristics and slope or ground stability in red weathering crust, karst areas covered by Quaternary deposit, and soft and sandy soil by mapping at the scales from 1：0000 to 1：25000. GIS techniques and hydrogeological analysis would be combined to evaluate the stability of various slopes. Remote sensing and electrical survey be adopted to study further the mechanism controlling karst development and ground collapse. Moreover, the analysis and monitoring of ground collapse in soft soil area and soil liquidation in seismic regions be enhanced. The results from those researches would be useful to urban planning and construction, engineering decision, and disaster reduction.